Electrokinetics

Electrokinetics is the study of motion of particles and chemical transformation is the result of the dispute or action. (The difference in electrical potential can be used as a measure of increase or reduce the work necessary for the movement of molecules between two points in space where the particles have a unit of electricity). Electrical potential difference between two points if the result is very different electrical charges. Cost? There are two types of costs: the costs of negative and positive. Charge corresponding to the molecular differences between the number of electrons and chemical species and the number of property owners, when not charged. Increase the number of electrons corresponding to a negative charge, and a reduction of the electron corresponds to a positive charge. All electrokinetic phenomena result from the fact that particles with similar charges repel each other and with those who do not like the cost of attracting each other.

Electrokinetics developed from research on electricity. Louigi Galvani in the 18th century, but was not fully aware of this fact, research on membrane transport are able difference. Plate revealed that the frog leg muscles twitched in the presence of sources of payment or when it reaches the muscles of the metal. Allessandro Volta was the first to explain exactly Galvani results show that the ring is the result of changes in the external potential difference. Voltas May result showed the potential difference between two different metals immersed in an electrolyte solution and early 19th century, built the first battery. It was the beginning of the century by Michael Faraday was able to demonstrate the relationship between the amount of electricity and the number of chemicals that react with the electrodes.

Until the late 19th century, is known the solution can conduct electricity. The time has come August Svante Arrhenius put forward the concept of electricity charged ions, such as molecules or atoms, and this guy was responsible for a solution able to support electricity. Arrhenius proposed that the molecules dissociated to a greater or lesser extent for ions. Equilibrium between neutral molecules and ions. Arrhenius theory has been proven invalid for molecules that are completely decoupled and therefore powerful solutions for power generation.

In 1923, Peter Debye and Erich Hückel build a satisfactory theory of electricity. An important consequence of the theory is the idea of family atmosphere ion. Debye-Hückel theory is valid only for dilute ionic solutions. Theoretical study because the time developed their theory focuses on the behavior of more concentrated solution of ions. Given the complexity of the problem and a large number of mobile particles to follow the investigation of complex theoretical models related to the use of computers. The main cause of these behaviors, however, and further, unlike the molecules with different charges, like charges attract and repel.

Effect of the charge and potential difference is often by those who first walked on the carpet, then touch a doorknob. Accumulation of excess electrons in the carpet Walker, which can lead to negative consequences, there is the potential difference between Walker and drag it.Possible causes for the flow of electrons from one person to pull this means, an electric shock.The ability to operate in a particular direction of interference with the movement of particles towards the positive charge and increases the speed of the particles with negative charge.

Movement of charged particles in solution is very important. For example, the ocean is estimated atoms and molecules. Charged molecular or atomic energy called ions. With negative ions are called anions and positive ions with a charge called cations. Solution containing ions is called electrolysis. The power is as simple as salt water. Some of the salt dissociates into ions.

Usually, the molecules move randomly in solution. The fact that solutions containing ions of the electrolyte allows the order of molecular motion. Also, the current operation of electrolyte solution. The costs of electricity from the ions in the presence of an electric field. This field can be used to impose such a difference in possible solutions, which is a type of ion motion in the sense that the ions move in the region. Anions move towards the positive end, if the potential difference and move towards the cations and the negative potential difference. Speed ions and therefore increases the current strength of the electric field.

Electrical potential difference is commonly observed in cases where two different stages in different chemical composition in contact. Interface between two phases and the difference in electrical potential that can be done through an additional fee, so that one side is the integrated interface of solar energy and the other is a miscalculation, May is a stage of metal or other aqueous solutions can be treated positive and negative points. Thus, electrokinetics is the study of electrochemical reactions and reactions at the surface electrical charge.

Electro chemical reaction occurs in electrochemical cells, including at least two separate electrical wires, called electrodes, which are partially immersed in electrolysis solution.Interface between the electrode and the electrolyte is called the electrochemical interface.Transfer of electrons from molecules in the electrochemical electrode interface by chemical reaction. Electrode called the rise. Moving electrons from the anode through an external circuit to the electrodes on Monday called on the negative electrode, and here are the electrons transferred to the molecules through chemical reactions. The basic nature of electrokinetic phenomena in an electrode is independent of the processes occurring in the other electrode.Unlike the study of electrochemical cells and batteries having a potential difference between anode and cathode are important, the focus is on the electrokinetics of the changes in the behavior of processes occurring on the surface of the end for the changes in the difference between the surface potential and electrolyte around .

Some changes to the changes in electrical potential in the electrochemical interface is important to assess the amount of electricity produced per unit time for electrode reactions.This is the same amount of current flowing in the outer ring of electrodes. The total amount of the electrode reaction can be obtained from knowledge of the number of electricity produced by Michael Faraday established connections in 19 century. Faraday discovered that electricity produced at the electrode response is proportional to the number of molecules can react with electrodes simultaneously.

Since electric charge is transferred to the prices at which the reaction is observed to move forward and depends on the electric potential between the electrodes and electrolyte around.Balancing chemical reactions, where there is power forward rate similar response back.Resources in which the balance is called dynamic equilibrium. The difference between the actual value of electrical potential and the potential balance is called overpotential, and can provide more value to transaction that the system is out of balance.

Sequence of elementary reactions in the transformation of reactant to product called the reaction mechanism. During the primary reaction, a reagent for the first time that the mediator, the mediator can then be converted into a finished product or an intermediary, who then had to get a response.

Process that considers the transport of large molecules from the electrolyte to the surface charged. Most ions are adjacent to areas of the anion of solar energy. On average, the reduction in the number of anions and cations increase. In a large enough distance from the surface of the computer solution is neutral. Areas where the solution is to charge the net called a dual class.Significant effects caused by the double layer affects the transport of molecules on the surface charge. For example, negatively charged layer will prevent the movement of anions to the positive power of the surface.

Shipping costs and any differences in results obtained electrokinetic solution, which is similar to the effect of double layer. In solutions containing ions, anions and cations attract neutral molecules, including solar energy. Furthermore, the anions and cations attract negatively charged molecules with which it is. Therefore, ions in solution is surrounded by the atmosphere of opposite charge. The air ions may be used as a double layer. Movement of ions center has slowed because of the double layer because the layer of water, combined with the center ion.On the other hand, if an electric field is applied to the solution, the central ion will move in one direction and double layer, because it is the opposite charge will move towards each other. The result is called electrophoresis.

Now go to the program, the most visible example shows corrosion of metals. Erosion is the reduction of metal and comes to chemical reactions, including chemical reactions. Examples include biological mixing of chlorine in water and wastewater and outdoor use as a reagent in the manufacture of plastics and pesticides. Hospitals used to measure plasma protein electrophoresis, and electrophoresis was also employed in biochemistry to separate protein components (amino acids).