Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA is the genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that provide energy for cells. Mitochondria provide energy to cells, and therefore called on the musclemen.

The concepts are not easy to understand scientific biology, if people from the science background. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA data do before they know words and mitochondrial DNA.

Understanding DNAA deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) the genetic information used in the development and function of living organisms. It is often referred to as a blueprint, because it is the genetic information of the cell components, such as proteins and RNA can be taken. Genes are sections of DNA that carries genetic information. They control the physical properties of the human body such as eye color, hair, bone thickness, construction, etc.
Understanding the mitochondria
Mitochondria are the majority of the Mitochondrion. They are rod-shaped organelles, surrounded by a membrane, is present in many eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are complex structures within the mud. Mitochondria considered powerhouses of the cell, as they take nutrients and oxygen, and break them down into the ATPS (adenosine triphosphate). This is called cellular respiration.
Mitochondrial DNA
DNA is usually present in the chromosomes in the nucleus, but mitochondria are also small amounts of DNA even if the mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) present in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Mitochondrial DNA is double stranded circular molecule, as received from the mother of all multicellular organisms. That's because, in the course of fertilization, all mtDNA from the egg. Approximately 2.10 transcripts of mtDNA in each mitochrondion. Compared with the chromosomes, the less reasonable, and the genes in a limited number. Changes in mtDNA cause maternally got the disease, and a faster aging and geriatric diseases.

Mitochondrial DNA StructureMitochondrial DNA are about 16,500 base pairs of DNA building blocks () that the very small number compared with the total DNA in cells present. The genes necessary for normal function of mitochondria. Of the 37 genes, 13 are responsible for making enzymes involved in oxidation phosphorylation, a process of oxygen and sugar to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. The 14 remaining genes responsible for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These are known as chemical DNA Cousins, as they help to accumulate amino acids in proteins.

mtDNA has a large number of enzymes, and localization of the matrix. The proteins involved in respiration are embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane.Mitochondria is similar to the properties of plant chloroplasts. Chloroplasts of plants with their own DNA, making them able to grow and reproduce independently.

In some metazoans, there are about 100 to 10,000 separate copies of mtDNA are present per cell. While in mammals, composed, each share mitochondrial DNA molecule 16,500 base pairs, of the 37 genes coding for 13 proteins, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and one for each small subunit and rRNA large. The same pattern in metazoans, but in some cases, one or more of the 37 genes are missing, and a large amount of mtDNA. Some plants large number of mtDNA types (as many as 2,500,000 base pairs per mtDNA molecule), but still mtDNAs that the same number of genes.

There are approximately 20,000 to 25,000 total genes in the human genome and genes in mitochondria among them.