What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms.

DNA is the blueprint for the individuality of an organism. The organism is based on the information stored in his DNA for the management of every biochemical process. The life, growth and the unique characteristics of the organism depends on the DNA. The DNA segments that are associated with certain features or functions of an organism related genes.

Molecular biologists have many enzymes, which discovered the structure of DNA changes in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join DNA strands. The use of such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and modified DNA using these genes to build. They also learned vectors, DNA strands, such as viruses that can infect a cell and insert themselves into their DNA.

With this knowledge, scientists started with the vectors that the genes of their choice to build and operate these new vectors to insert genes into the DNA of living organisms. Genetic engineers believe they start eating, by improving this. For example, tomatoes are sensitive to frost. This shortens the growing season. Fish that survive on the other hand, in very cold water. Scientists identified a particular gene resistant to a bone cold, and uses the technology of genetic engineering to this "anti-freeze" gene insert into a tomato. This allows the growing season of the tomato to expand.